PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.